석유

Introduction

입자 크기는 석유화학 산업에서 매우 중요한 파라미터입니다. 입자 측정 방법은 이 산업에서 핵심적인 문제로, Bettersize Instruments의 입자 크기 분석기는 고정밀도와 우수한 반복성을 갖춘 장비로 국제 표준을 충족하며, 입자 크기 분석의 전문성을 제공합니다.

Bettersizer 시리즈 입자 크기 분석기의 주요 응용 분야:

촉매: 석유 정제 및 촉매 공장에서 촉매의 연구 및 품질 관리에 사용됩니다.
배기가스: 배기가스 터빈의 전방 파이프에서 배기가스의 입자 분포와 함량을 분석하여 안전한 운전을 보장합니다.
카클라자이트: 윤활제 첨가제의 품질 분석.
유화액: 유화액의 입자 크기는 그 안정성을 결정하는 중요한 요소입니다.
PVC, 페닐에틸렌, ABS: 원료 및 제품의 품질 관리와 연구에 활용됩니다.
화학 섬유: 원료 및 제품의 품질 분석과 연구에서 중요한 역할을 합니다.

석유 및 가스 산업에서 입자 크기 분석의 중요성:

드릴링 머드는 유정 개발과 운영에 필수적인 요소입니다. 드릴링 머드는 복합적인 서스펜션으로, 유정에서 원유를 추출하거나 기존 유정을 유지하기 위해 사용됩니다. Bettersize의 입자 크기 분석 장비는 입자 크기 분포 측정에 있어 뛰어난 성능을 발휘하며, 석유화학 산업에서 널리 사용되고 있습니다.

드릴링 머드의 역할:

드릴링 머드는 원래 드릴 비트의 윤활과 냉각을 위해 설계되었습니다. 그러나 현재 드릴링 머드는 유정의 안정화, 유체 및 입자의 침투 방지, 절단물 운반 등의 중요한 역할을 수행합니다. 유정의 지질학에 따라 필요한 입자 크기 분포가 다르기 때문에, 적합한 입자 크기 분포가 반드시 필요합니다.

입자 크기와 드릴링 머드의 성능:

입자 크기가 너무 작으면, 이는 암석의 모공을 지나치게 깊게 침투하여 영구적인 손상을 일으킬 수 있습니다.
입자 크기가 너무 크면, 모공을 효과적으로 막지 못하고, 유체의 흐름을 차단하는 데 실패할 수 있습니다.

1970년대 Abram은 모공 크기의 1/3보다 약간 큰 입자 크기가 이상적이라고 제안했습니다. 1990년대 Hands는 90%의 입자가 모공 크기보다 작아야 한다고 권장하며, 이는 유체의 침투를 최소화하고 유정의 안정성을 최적화하는 방법으로 자리 잡았습니다.

이상적인 포장 이론(IDT):

현재이상적인 포장 이론(IDT)은 입자 크기 분포를 최적화하고 유체의 침투를 최소화하는 중요한 이론으로, 유정의 밀봉과 유체 흐름 최적화에 사용됩니다. Abram의 규칙이 입자 크기에 대한 기준을 제시한 반면, IDT는 입자 크기의 최적 분포를 통해 유체 침투를 최소화하고 유정의 안정화에 기여합니다.

Bettersize의 입자 크기 분석 장비는 석유화학 산업에서 드릴링 머드의 품질을 최적화하고, 유정 운영의 안정성을 보장하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다.

Citations

Bettersizer 2600

Functional redundancy as an indicator for evaluating functional diversity of macrobenthos under the mussel raft farm near Gouqi Island

DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740024 Read Article

Zhejiang Ocean University | 2024

Biological traits analysis (BTA) helps to evaluate the effects of different environmental variables on the traits-based functional composition of macrobenthos. However, research on functional traits of macrobenthos under mussel farming is limited. We investigated the spatial and temporal response of the benthic system in terms of taxonomic and functional diversity to environmental variables of farming and natural stressors resulting from suspended mussel farming near Gouqi Island of eastern China Sea. The functional traits of macrobenthic assemblages under mussel farming were characterized by “medium adult body size”, “vermiform body form”, “high flexibility”, “infauna”, “semi-motile”, “gonochoristic”, “surface deposit-feeders”, “carnivores”, “semi-motile burrowers”, and “tube-dwellers”. Functional redundancy was stable in response to mussel farming stresses among seasons, whereas species diversity showed efficient to evaluate natural variables. Functional diversity was significantly affected by farming stressors rather than natural variables, Further analysis using multivariate methods together with continuous monitoring were highlighted to evaluate the impacts of mussel farming. Our results reinforce the importance of macrobenthic species and functional traits analysis to evaluate human stresses driven impacts in offshore ecosystems. By analysing the environmental variables with different sources, independently, we concluded the main effects of human pressures on macrobenthic community. Such distinction could be particularly effective to isolate variable environmental descriptors and evaluate their effects on functional diversity, making the current approach promising for the evaluation of ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors in aquaculture areas.

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Bettersizer 2600

Degradation characteristics and utilization strategies of a covalent bonded resin-based solid amine during capturing CO₂ from flue gas

DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125621 Read Article

China University of Petroleum | 2024

In this study, various types of degradation as well as attrition which are possibly encountered in a circulating fluidized bed temperature swing adsorption (CFB-TSA) process, were conducted experimentally to evaluate the stability of a resin-based solid amine sorbent. Other characterizations methods, such as elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. were applied to further reveal the degradation mechanisms. The results showed that thermal degradation occurs from 140–160 °C due to the decomposition of amine group. The CO₂-induced degradation occurs from a higher temperature of 160–180 °C accompanied by the production of urea. Hydrothermal stability is good below 130 °C, but the ionic impurities in steam crystalized on particle surface can accelerate the degradation. Oxidative degradation is the most harmful, which starts at a lower temperature of 70–80 °C with the formation of aldehyde. The existence of H₂O in atmosphere can alleviate the oxidative and CO₂-induced degradations. The employed sorbent has a very low attrition index of 0.05, which is 1–2 orders lower than typical commercial fluidized bed catalysts. Based on the results of stability evaluation, some design suggestions for proper utilization of this sorbent or other similar resin-based sorbents have been provided in an industrial CFB-TSA process.

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Bettersizer 2600

De-branching of starch molecules enhanced the complexation with chitosan and its potential utilization for delivering hydrophobic compounds

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109498 Read Article

Shihezi University | 2024

The current study aimed to prepare the complexes between debranched-waxy corn starch and chitosan polymers (DBS-CS), and then investigated their corresponding structural characteristics, rheological property and potent application in Pickering emulsion. The results indicated that the existence of chitosan significantly inhibited starch short-range molecular rearrangement for all DBS-CS samples, which was manipulated by both debranching treatment and chitosan content. Interestingly, this is the first study to reveal that the outstanding peak at 1.8 ppm in 1H NMR spectrum for sample DBS-CS was gradually shifted towards a lower-field region following an increased chitosan content. Moreover, the debranching treatment shifted the crystallinity pattern from A-type to B-type and the relative crystallinity of DBS-CS decreased gradually with the increased content of CS. All samples had a pseudoplastic fluid and shear-thinning behavior with an enhanced shear resistance following the complexation. The DBS-CS was applied in a Pickering emulsion for showing a greater emulsifying stability and a lower gel strength than native NS-CS prepared emulsion. Importantly, the encapsulation ability of curcumin in the DBS-CS emulsion was significantly improved, followed by an increase of 15.45% for its corresponding bioavailability compared to the control. Therefore, this study might highlight a potential carrier for delivering the bioactive substances in a green pattern.

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Bettersizer 2600

Heat-induced aggregation behavior of wheat gluten after adding citrus pectin with different esterification degree

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109420 Read Article

Gansu Agricultural University | 2024

Wheat gluten aggregation during heat treatment is beneficial to the final quality of gluten-based products. Exogenous pectin can affect gluten aggregation. However, the effect of pectin with different degrees of esterification on the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten and its possible mechanism are still unclear. Thus, the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten after adding pectin with different esterification degree was studied in this study. When the temperature was raised from 25 °C to 95 °C, pectin affected gluten aggregation and was related to the degree of esterification. Specifically, the results of rheological properties and particle size indicated that low-ester pectin improved the viscoelasticity of gluten and promoted gluten aggregation. Thermal properties revealed that enthalpy of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) increased from 92.96 J/g to 95.40 J/g during heating process. Structurally, the fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) were lower than those added with high-ester pectin (73%). In addition, low-ester pectin (37%) significantly increased the disulfide bond content (from 15.31 μmol/g to 18.06 μmol/g) and maintained β-sheet content of gluten compared with gluten alone at 95 °C, indicating that low-ester pectin was more likely to induce gluten aggregation. However, scanning electron microscope showed that the gluten added with low-ester pectin (46%) exhibited a denser network structure at 95 °C than that added with low-ester pectin (37%). These results will provide a theoretical base for the regulation of gluten aggregation and the quality of gluten-based products by pectin with different esterification degree.

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