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Pétrole et produits pétrochimiques

Introduction

La taille des particules est un paramètre très important dans l'industrie pétrochimique.

 

 

La façon dont les particules sont mesurées devient une question centrale. Bettersize analyseur laser de particules est un instrument très professionnel pour l'analyse de la taille des particules. Le granulomètre laser produit par Bettersize Instruments Ltd répond aux normes internationales avec une précision et une répétabilité élevées.

 

 

Le système de dispersion humide de l'analyseur laser de la taille des particules de Bettersize peut vous aider à détecter :
Catalyseurs : y compris la recherche et le contrôle de la qualité des catalyseurs. Il est principalement utilisé dans les raffineries de pétrole et les usines de catalyse.
Gaz de combustion : il peut analyser la teneur en particules et la distribution des gaz de combustion dans le tuyau frontal des turbines à gaz de combustion, afin de garantir un fonctionnement sûr.
Carclazyte : additif pour lubrifiants.
Liquides émulsifiés : la taille des particules détermine la stabilité des liquides émulsifiés.
PVC, phényléthylène et ABS : contrôle de la qualité et recherche de matières premières et de produits.
Fibres chimiques : contrôle de la qualité et recherche de matières premières et de produits.

 

 

La fabrication de boues de forage à base d'huile, d'eau et de produits synthétiques est un bon exemple d'utilisation efficace de la taille des particules. Les boues de forage sont des suspensions complexes dont la formulation est manipulée afin de les rendre adaptées au processus d'extraction du pétrole dans les nouveaux puits et au maintien de l'exploitation des puits de pétrole dans les puits établis. L'équipement de test de la taille des particules Bettersize dispose d'une procédure de test de distribution de la taille des particules parfaite, d'une excellente méthode de test de la taille des particules et offre un rapport d'analyse de la taille des particules fiable, qui est largement utilisé dans l'industrie pétrochimique.

 

 

Les boues de forage étaient à l'origine conçues pour lubrifier et refroidir le trépan, ce qui reste leur rôle principal. De nos jours, une boue adaptée doit empêcher la pénétration de fluides et de solides dans la formation rocheuse. Il faut garder à l'esprit qu'une distribution granulométrique différente sera nécessaire si un puits particulier présente une géologie différente. En outre, la boue doit permettre de nettoyer le puits en transportant les déblais de la zone de production.

 

 

Enfin, la boue doit stabiliser le puits et fournir une pression hydrostatique suffisante pour empêcher le pétrole et/ou le gaz de s'échapper pendant le forage.

 

 

Les particules de la boue plus petites que la taille des pores de la formation rocheuse comblent les pores pendant qu'elles circulent. Cela conduit à la formation d'un gâteau de filtration qui empêche les fluides de quitter le puits pendant le forage, ce qui stabilise le puits. Si les particules sont trop petites, elles peuvent pénétrer profondément dans la roche en bloquant les pores et endommager de manière permanente la production. Dans les années 1970, Abram a suggéré que la taille médiane des particules devait être légèrement supérieure à 1/3 de la taille des pores de la roche pour éviter le blocage. Dans les années 90, Hands a ensuite recommandé que les propriétés de pontage du fluide soient sélectionnées de manière à ce que 90 % des particules soient plus petites que la taille des pores de la roche. Une correspondance parfaite de la taille de l'agent de pontage minimiserait l'afflux de fluide et de particules dans la roche. Actuellement, la théorie de l'emballage idéal (IDT), utilisée à l'origine pour la distribution des pigments dans les peintures, est de plus en plus acceptée comme une théorie globale. (L'IDT peut optimiser la distribution de la taille des particules et indiquer la séquence d'emballage idéale qui réduira davantage l'invasion de fluides et optimisera l'étanchéité du puits, contrairement à la règle d'Abram qui ne prédit que la taille des particules nécessaires à la formation d'un pont.

 

 

Les systèmes de dimensionnement des particules tels que les produits Bettersize ci-dessous sont idéaux pour faciliter ce travail.

Citations

  • Bettersizer 2600

    Functional redundancy as an indicator for evaluating functional diversity of macrobenthos under the mussel raft farm near Gouqi Island

    DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740024 Read Article Go logo
    Zhejiang Ocean University | 2024
    Biological traits analysis (BTA) helps to evaluate the effects of different environmental variables on the traits-based functional composition of macrobenthos. However, research on functional traits of macrobenthos under mussel farming is limited. We investigated the spatial and temporal response of the benthic system in terms of taxonomic and functional diversity to environmental variables of farming and natural stressors resulting from suspended mussel farming near Gouqi Island of eastern China Sea. The functional traits of macrobenthic assemblages under mussel farming were characterized by “medium adult body size”, “vermiform body form”, “high flexibility”, “infauna”, “semi-motile”, “gonochoristic”, “surface deposit-feeders”, “carnivores”, “semi-motile burrowers”, and “tube-dwellers”. Functional redundancy was stable in response to mussel farming stresses among seasons, whereas species diversity showed efficient to evaluate natural variables. Functional diversity was significantly affected by farming stressors rather than natural variables, Further analysis using multivariate methods together with continuous monitoring were highlighted to evaluate the impacts of mussel farming. Our results reinforce the importance of macrobenthic species and functional traits analysis to evaluate human stresses driven impacts in offshore ecosystems. By analysing the environmental variables with different sources, independently, we concluded the main effects of human pressures on macrobenthic community. Such distinction could be particularly effective to isolate variable environmental descriptors and evaluate their effects on functional diversity, making the current approach promising for the evaluation of ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors in aquaculture areas.
  • Bettersizer 2600

    Degradation characteristics and utilization strategies of a covalent bonded resin-based solid amine during capturing CO2 from flue gas

    DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125621 Read Article Go logo
    China University of Petroleum | 2024

    In this study, various types of degradation as well as attrition which are possibly encountered in a circulating fluidized bed temperature swing adsorption (CFB-TSA) process, were conducted experimentally to evaluate the stability of a resin-based solid amine sorbent. Other characterizations methods, such as elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. were applied to further reveal the degradation mechanisms. The results showed that thermal degradation occurs from 140–160 °C due to the decomposition of amine group. The CO2-induced degradation occurs from a higher temperature of 160–180 °C accompanied by the production of urea. Hydrothermal stability is good below 130 °C, but the ionic impurities in steam crystalized on particle surface can accelerate the degradation. Oxidative degradation is the most harmful, which starts at a lower temperature of 70–80 °C with the formation of aldehyde. The existence of H2O in atmosphere can alleviate the oxidative and CO2-induced degradations. The employed sorbent has a very low attrition index of 0.05, which is 1–2 orders lower than typical commercial fluidized bed catalysts. Based on the results of stability evaluation, some design suggestions for proper utilization of this sorbent or other similar resin-based sorbents have been provided in an industrial CFB-TSA process.

  • Bettersizer 2600

    De-branching of starch molecules enhanced the complexation with chitosan and its potential utilization for delivering hydrophobic compounds

    DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109498 Read Article Go logo
    Shihezi University | 2024
    The current study aimed to prepare the complexes between debranched-waxy corn starch and chitosan polymers (DBS-CS), and then investigated their corresponding structural characteristics, rheological property and potent application in Pickering emulsion. The results indicated that the existence of chitosan significantly inhibited starch short-range molecular rearrangement for all DBS-CS samples, which was manipulated by both debranching treatment and chitosan content. Interestingly, this is the first study to reveal that the outstanding peak at 1.8 ppm in 1H NMR spectrum for sample DBS-CS was gradually shifted towards a lower-field region following an increased chitosan content. Moreover, the debranching treatment shifted the crystallinity pattern from A-type to B-type and the relative crystallinity of DBS-CS decreased gradually with the increased content of CS. All samples had a pseudoplastic fluid and shear-thinning behavior with an enhanced shear resistance following the complexation. The DBS-CS was applied in a Pickering emulsion for showing a greater emulsifying stability and a lower gel strength than native NS-CS prepared emulsion. Importantly, the encapsulation ability of curcumin in the DBS-CS emulsion was significantly improved, followed by an increase of 15.45% for its corresponding bioavailability compared to the control. Therefore, this study might highlight a potential carrier for delivering the bioactive substances in a green pattern.
  • Bettersizer 2600

    Heat-induced aggregation behavior of wheat gluten after adding citrus pectin with different esterification degree

    DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109420 Read Article Go logo
    Gansu Agricultural University | 2024
    Wheat gluten aggregation during heat treatment is beneficial to the final quality of gluten-based products. Exogenous pectin can affect gluten aggregation. However, the effect of pectin with different degrees of esterification on the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten and its possible mechanism are still unclear. Thus, the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten after adding pectin with different esterification degree was studied in this study. When the temperature was raised from 25 °C to 95 °C, pectin affected gluten aggregation and was related to the degree of esterification. Specifically, the results of rheological properties and particle size indicated that low-ester pectin improved the viscoelasticity of gluten and promoted gluten aggregation. Thermal properties revealed that enthalpy of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) increased from 92.96 J/g to 95.40 J/g during heating process. Structurally, the fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) were lower than those added with high-ester pectin (73%). In addition, low-ester pectin (37%) significantly increased the disulfide bond content (from 15.31 μmol/g to 18.06 μmol/g) and maintained β-sheet content of gluten compared with gluten alone at 95 °C, indicating that low-ester pectin was more likely to induce gluten aggregation. However, scanning electron microscope showed that the gluten added with low-ester pectin (46%) exhibited a denser network structure at 95 °C than that added with low-ester pectin (37%). These results will provide a theoretical base for the regulation of gluten aggregation and the quality of gluten-based products by pectin with different esterification degree.
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